How do first-year psychology students argue and construct knowledge during problem-based learning? (¿Cómo argumentan y construyen conocimiento estudiantes de primer año de Psicología durante un Aprendizaje Basado en Problema?)

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Ingrid González-Palta
María José Guzmán
Luis Marval
Rocío Contreras
Rodrigo Orellana
Francisco Rivera

Resumen

Abstract: A central task of universities is for students to learn highly specialized disciplinary knowledge. The literature shows that argumentation is one potential way to achieve this. The problem is that in higher education, there is little development of this literature. Instead, we find active teaching methodologies. Although these methodologies provide a pedagogical structure for learning, they do not necessarily highlight the role of argumentative language in higher education students as a key component for learning. We lack knowledge about how university students engage in discussions while implementing problem-based learning (PBL; one of these widely used methodologies). This qualitative study addresses this knowledge gap by describing the argumentative moves used, what is argued, and how 37 first-year psychology students argue. The most frequent moves used by students were counterargument, partnership environment, explanation by analogy, uncertainty language, deliberative goal, partial agreement, and anticipation. A microgenetic examination of four cases describes the relationship between argumentation in PBL and knowledge construction. The contribution of these findings to the pedagogical design of university teaching is discussed.


Keywords: knowledge construction; active learning methodology; oral discussion; deliberative argumentation; higher education; psychological disciplinary knowledge.


Resumen: Una tarea central de las universidades es que los/las estudiantes aprendan conocimiento disciplinar altamente especializado. La literatura muestra que argumentar es una vía con potencialidad para ello. El problema es que en educación superior hay poco desarrollo de esta literatura, en su lugar encontramos las metodologías de enseñanza activa. Estas metodologías, aunque plantea una estructura pedagógica para el aprendizaje, no visibilizan necesariamente el rol del lenguaje argumentativo en estudiantes de Educación Superior como un componente clave para el aprendizaje. De hecho, desconocemos cómo estudiantes universitarios discuten durante la aplicación del Aprendizaje Basado en Problema (ABP; una de estas metodologías ampliamente utilizadas). Este estudio cualitativo aborda este vacío de conocimiento, describiendo qué movimientos argumentativos usan, qué argumentan y cómo argumentan 37 estudiantes de primer año de Psicología. Movimientos más frecuentes utilizados por los/las estudiantes fueron contraargumento, ambiente de compañerismo, explicación mediante analogía, lenguaje de incertidumbre, meta deliberativa, acuerdo parcial y anticipación. Al mismo tiempo, a través de un análisis microgenético con cuatro casos, se describe la relación entre argumentación en el ABP y construcción de conocimiento. Se discute la contribución de los hallazgos para el diseño pedagógico en la enseñanza universitaria.


Palabras clave: construcción de conocimiento; metodología de aprendizaje activo; discusión oral; argumentación deliberativa; educación superior; conocimiento disciplinar psicológico.


Resumo: Uma tarefa central das universidades é que os estudantes aprendam conhecimento disciplinar altamente especializado. A literatura mostra que a argumentação é uma via promissora para isso. O problema é que, no ensino superior, há pouco desenvolvimento dessa literatura. Em vez disso, encontramos metodologias de ensino ativo. Embora essas metodologias apresentem uma estrutura pedagógica para a aprendizagem, elas não necessariamente evidenciam o papel da linguagem argumentativa nos estudantes do ensino superior como um componente-chave para a aprendizagem. De fato, não sabemos como os estudantes universitários discutem durante a aplicação da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP; uma dessas metodologias amplamente utilizadas). Este estudo qualitativo aborda essa lacuna de conhecimento, descrevendo os movimentos argumentativos usados, o que é argumentado e como argumentam 37 estudantes de Psicología do primeiro ano. Os movimentos mais frequentes utilizados pelos alunos foram a contra-argumentação, a colegialidade, a explicação por analogia, a linguagem da incerteza, o objetivo deliberativo, o acordo parcial e a antecipação. Ao mesmo tempo, por meio de uma análise microgenética com 4 casos, é descrita a relação entre argumentação na ABP e construção de conhecimento. Discute-se a contribuição dos achados para o design pedagógico no ensino universitário.


Palavras-chave: construção de conhecimento; metodologia de aprendizagem ativa; discussão oral; argumentação deliberativa; ensino superior; conhecimento disciplinar psicológico.

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González-Palta, I., Guzmán, M. J., Marval, L., Contreras, R., Orellana, R., & Rivera, F. (2025). How do first-year psychology students argue and construct knowledge during problem-based learning? (¿Cómo argumentan y construyen conocimiento estudiantes de primer año de Psicología durante un Aprendizaje Basado en Problema?). Ibero-American Journal of Psychology and Public Policy, 2(1), 115–144. https://doi.org/10.56754/2810-6598.2025.0028
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